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Thus, the current Stata release can always open datasets that were created with older versions, but older versions cannot read newer format datasets. Stata can read and write SAS XPORT format datasets natively, using the fdause and fdasave commands. Some other econometric applications, including gretl, can directly import Stata file formats.
Proof. We need to prove that if you add a burst of length to a codeword (i.e. to a polynomial that is divisible by ()), then the result is not going to be a codeword (i.e. the corresponding polynomial is not divisible by ()).
Another example is the single space that separates a command from the arguments of that command (called ’’cs’’ in the formal MUMPS standard). If the argument is empty, the command is considered to be "argumentless" since the space separating the command from its argument is immediately followed by the space(s) separating this command ...
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a class of highly efficient linear block codes made from many single parity check (SPC) codes. They can provide performance very close to the channel capacity (the theoretical maximum) using an iterated soft-decision decoding approach, at linear time complexity in terms of their block length.
[2]: 113 [5] The vertical bar (also referred to as pipe) and space are also sometimes used. [2]: 113 Column headers are sometimes included as the first line, and each subsequent line is a row of data. The lines are separated by newlines. For example, the following fields in each record are delimited by commas, and each record by newlines:
Type errors (such as an attempt to apply the ++ increment operator to a Boolean variable in Java) and undeclared variable errors are sometimes considered to be syntax errors when they are detected at compile-time. It is common to classify such errors as (static) semantic errors instead. [2] [3] [4]
The original ASCII standard used only short descriptive phrases for each control character. The ambiguity this caused was sometimes intentional, for example where a character would be used slightly differently on a terminal link than on a data stream, and sometimes accidental, for example the standard is unclear about the meaning of "delete".
More formally, for any language L and string x over an alphabet Σ, the language edit distance d(L, x) is given by [14] (,) = (,), where (,) is the string edit distance. When the language L is context free , there is a cubic time dynamic programming algorithm proposed by Aho and Peterson in 1972 which computes the language edit distance. [ 15 ]