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According to the labor theory, an individual has a right to the product of their labor, whether physical or intellectual. It is based on the John Locke's labor theory of property which says that persons are entitled to the fruits of their own labor, and by extension, intellectual property can be viewed as the fruits of an individual's mental ...
In the context of research and development (R&D) collaborations, background, foreground, sideground and postground intellectual property (IP) are four distinct forms of intellectual property assets. These are included in the broader and more general categories of knowledge in R&D collaborations or open innovation. While background and ...
Common knowledge can be about a broad range of subjects, such as science, literature, history, or entertainment. [1] Since individuals often have different knowledge bases, common knowledge can vary and it may sometimes take large-scale studies to know for certain what is common knowledge amongst large groups of people. [2]
Modern copyright law has been influenced by an array of older legal rights that have been recognized throughout history, including the moral rights of the author who created a work, the economic rights of a benefactor who paid to have a copy made, the property rights of the individual owner of a copy, and a sovereign's right to censor and to ...
The term "intellectual property" began to be used in the 19th century, though it was not until the late 20th century that intellectual property became commonplace in most of the world's legal systems. [6] Supporters of intellectual property laws often describe their main purpose as encouraging the creation of a wide variety of intellectual ...
The term 'commons' is derived from the medieval economic system the commons. [4] The knowledge commons is a model for a number of domains, including Open Educational Resources such as the MIT OpenCourseWare, free digital media such as Wikipedia, [5] Creative Commons–licensed art, open-source research, [6] and open scientific collections such as the Public Library of Science or the Science ...
The court held that originality did not mean that the work must be an expression of individual thought, and the fact that the authors drew on a body of knowledge common to mathematicians did not compromise originality. The requirement of originality, it was held, did not require that expression be in an original or novel form.
Common knowledge – knowledge that is known by everyone or nearly everyone, usually with reference to the community in which the term is used. Customer knowledge – knowledge for, about, or from customers. Domain knowledge – valid knowledge used to refer to an area of human endeavour, an autonomous computer activity, or other specialized ...