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At the Fifth Congress, the Central Committee was elected, which, due to disagreements between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks, turned out to be unworkable, and the Bolshevik Center, headed by Vladimir Lenin, which was created during the Congress by Bolshevik delegates at one of its factional meetings, arbitrarily took over the leadership of ...
Bolshevik figures such as Anatoly Lunacharsky, Moisei Uritsky and Dmitry Manuilsky considered that Lenin's influence on the Bolshevik party was decisive but the October insurrection was carried out according to Trotsky's, not to Lenin's plan. [32] In 1918, the party renamed itself the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) at Lenin's suggestion.
Vladimir Lenin, founder of the Soviet Union and the leader of the Bolshevik party. Leon Trotsky , founder of the Red Army and a key figure in the October Revolution . During World War I , Tsarist Russia experienced military humiliation, famine and economic collapse.
The Soviet Red Army defeated several right- and left-wing anti-Bolshevik and separatist armies in the civil war, after which some of the non-Russian nations which had broken away from the empire were re-united in the Soviet Union in 1922; others, notably Poland, gained independence.
Veteran Bolshevik leaders like Nikolai Bukharin, Lev Kamenev, Alexei Rykov, Leon Trotsky and Grigory Zinovyev, who conflicted with Stalin and were killed in the late 1930s were described as "mensheviks" who from the very beginning "opposed Lenin and the Bolshevik party".
Lenin died on 21 January 1924. Stalin was given the honour of organizing his funeral. Upon Lenin's death, Stalin was officially hailed as his successor as the leader of the ruling Communist Party and of the Soviet Union itself. Against Lenin's wishes, he was given a lavish funeral and his body was embalmed and put on display.
Lenin sent Trotsky to speak on his behalf at a Central Committee plenum in December, where the plans for the USSR were sanctioned; these plans were then ratified on 30 December by the Congress of Soviets, resulting in the formation of the Soviet Union. [321] In March, Lenin suffered a third stroke and lost his ability to speak; [322] that month ...
This period was known up to 1928 as the Second Period, mirroring the shift in the Soviet Union from war communism to the New Economic Policy. [8] In his 1915 article On the Slogan for a United States of Europe, Lenin maintained that proletarian victory would be uneven and arrive through individual capitalist nations' conversions to socialism. [9]