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A node is a basic unit of a data structure, such as a linked list or tree data structure. Nodes contain data and also may link to other nodes. Links between nodes are often implemented by pointers. In graph theory, the image provides a simplified view of a network, where each of the numbers represents a different node.
An internal node (also known as an inner node, inode for short, or branch node) is any node of a tree that has child nodes. Similarly, an external node (also known as an outer node, leaf node, or terminal node) is any node that does not have child nodes. The height of a node is the length of the longest downward path to a leaf from that node ...
In graph theory and computer science, an adjacency list is a collection of unordered lists used to represent a finite graph. Each unordered list within an adjacency list describes the set of neighbors of a particular vertex in the graph. This is one of several commonly used representations of graphs for use in computer programs.
Traversing a tree involves iterating over all nodes in some manner. Because from a given node there is more than one possible next node (it is not a linear data structure), then, assuming sequential computation (not parallel), some nodes must be deferred—stored in some way for later visiting. This is often done via a stack (LIFO) or queue (FIFO).
If a sibling on either side of this node is a 3-node or a 4-node (thus having more than 1 key), perform a rotation with that sibling: The key from the other sibling closest to this node moves up to the parent key that overlooks the two nodes. The parent key moves down to this node to form a 3-node.
The root node has at least two children unless it is a leaf. All leaves appear on the same level. A non-leaf node with k children contains k−1 keys. Each internal node's keys act as separation values which divide its subtrees. For example, if an internal node has 3 child nodes (or subtrees) then it must have 2 keys: a 1 and a 2.
record Node { data; // The data being stored in the node Node next // A reference [2] to the next node, null for last node } record List { Node firstNode // points to first node of list; null for empty list} Traversal of a singly linked list is simple, beginning at the first node and following each next link until reaching the end:
An abstract syntax tree (AST) is a data structure used in computer science to represent the structure of a program or code snippet. It is a tree representation of the abstract syntactic structure of text (often source code) written in a formal language. Each node of the tree denotes a construct occurring in the text.