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  2. Infraspinatus muscle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraspinatus_muscle

    The infraspinatus is the main external rotator of the shoulder. When the arm is fixed, it adducts the inferior angle of the scapula. Its synergists are teres minor and the deltoid. [4] The infraspinatus and teres minor rotate the head of the humerus outward (external, or lateral, rotation); they also assist in carrying the arm backward. [1]

  3. Shoulder examination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder_examination

    Hawkins–Kennedy test: a positive test indicates shoulder impingement syndrome; Empty beer can test: a positive test indicates rotator cuff tear, specifically, supraspinatus muscle tear; Drop arm test: a positive test indicates a supraspinatus tear; External Rotation test: a positive test indicates an infraspinatus or teres minor tear

  4. Rounded shoulder posture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounded_shoulder_posture

    With this test, the strength of external rotators of the shoulders are examined, including the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles. [30] Patients are instructed to keep their forearms bent at right angles while holding their arms at their sides. Resistance will be applied on patients while the patient rotates their shoulders.

  5. Empty can/Full can tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty_can/Full_can_tests

    In both tests, the patient is placed in a standing or sitting position, and the arms are raised parallel to the ground in the scapular plane. [2] The tests differ in the rotation of the arm; in the empty can test, the arm is rotated to full internal rotation (thumb down) and in the full can test, the arm is rotated to 45° external rotation, thumb up. [1]

  6. Rotator cuff - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotator_cuff

    The Hawkins-Kennedy test [11] [12] has a sensitivity of approximately 80% to 90% for detecting impingement. The infraspinatus and supraspinatus [13] tests have a specificity of 80% to 90%. [10] A common cause of shoulder pain in rotator cuff impingement syndrome is tendinosis, which is an age-related and most often self-limiting condition. [14]

  7. Hawkins–Kennedy test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawkins–Kennedy_test

    A positive Hawkins–Kennedy test is indicative of an impingement of all structures that are located between the greater tubercle of the humerus and the coracohumeral ligament. The impinged structures include the supraspinatus muscle, teres minor muscle, and the infraspinatus muscle.

  8. Shoulder impingement syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder_impingement_syndrome

    The intrinsic muscles of the scapula include the muscles of the rotator cuff- the subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor and supraspinatus. [9] These muscles attach to the surface of the scapula and are responsible for the internal and external rotation of the glenohumeral joint, along with humeral abduction.

  9. Shoulder joint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder_joint

    Animation of the shoulder joint. The muscles shown are subscapularis muscle (at right), infraspinatus muscle (at top left), teres minor muscle (at bottom left) The movement of the scapula across the rib cage in relation to the humerus is known as the scapulohumeral rhythm, and this helps to achieve a further range of movement. This range can be ...