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Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is particularly associated with injection of a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) which is used for inducing final oocyte maturation and/or triggering oocyte release. The risk is further increased by multiple doses of hCG after ovulation and if the procedure results in pregnancy. [2]
According to NICE guidelines of in vitro fertilization, an anti-Müllerian hormone level of less than or equal to 5.4 pmol/L (0.8 ng/mL) predicts a low response to ovarian hyperstimulation, while a level greater than or equal to 25.0 pmol/L (3.6 ng/mL) predicts a high response. [8]
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome occurs in 5–10% of cases. [33] Symptoms depend on whether the case is mild, moderate, or severe, and can range from bloating and nausea, through to shortness of breathe, pleural effusion, and excessive weight gain (more than 2 pounds per day).
In rare cases, OHSS can kidney failure as well as blood clots; in very rare cases, OHSS can be life-threatening: In 2022, a 23-year-old woman from India died during an IVF procedure as OHSS caused ...
There is some evidence that letrozole can improve the rate of live births and the rate of pregnancy rate for people who experience anovulatory PCOS, and this treatment may be more effective than SERMs. [63] There is high quality evidence that the rate of people developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is similar between SERMs and letrozole ...
Although metformin has been used off-label to treat oligomenorrhea and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in women with PCOS, metformin is no longer recommended as infertility treatment per the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) in 2017. Its use to treat anovulatory infertility was based on an association of insulin ...
There is probably little or no difference between GnRH antagonist and GnRH agonist protocols in terms of live birth or risk of miscarriage but GnRH antagonists probably reduce the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. [7] The GnRH antagonists that are currently licensed for use in fertility treatment are cetrorelix and ganirelix.
Theca lutein cyst is a type of bilateral functional ovarian cyst filled with clear, straw-colored fluid. These cysts result from exaggerated physiological stimulation (hyperreactio luteinalis) due to elevated levels of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) or hypersensitivity to beta-hCG.