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"Sociobiology is now part of the core research and curriculum of virtually all biology departments, and it is a foundation of the work of almost all field biologists. " Sociobiological research on nonhuman organisms has increased dramatically and continuously in the world's top scientific journals such as Nature and Science .
Vitalism is that rejected tradition in biology which proposes that life is sustained and explained by an unmeasurable, intelligent force or energy. The supposed effects of vitalism are the manifestations of life itself, which in turn are the basis for inferring the concept in the first place.
Like the Earth as a whole, living things use this energy, converting the energy to other forms (the first law), while producing entropy (the second law), and thereby degrading the exergy or quality of the energy. Sustaining life, or the growth of a seed, for example, requires continual arranging of atoms and molecules into elaborate assemblies ...
Sociology is the scientific study of human society that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life.
A closely related approach, relational biology, is concerned mainly with understanding life processes in terms of the most important relations, and categories of such relations among the essential functional components of organisms; for multicellular organisms, this has been defined as "categorical biology", or a model representation of ...
Abiogenesis – Life arising from non-living matter; Anthropic principle – Hypothesis about sapient life and the universe; Connectionism – Cognitive science approach; Dual-phase evolution – Process that drives self-organization within complex adaptive systems; Emergenesis – The result of a specific combination of several interacting genes
Metabolism: transformation of energy by converting chemicals and energy into cellular components and decomposing organic matter . Living things require energy to maintain internal organization (homeostasis) and to produce the other phenomena associated with life.
Environmental sociology is the study of interactions between societies and their natural environment.The field emphasizes the social factors that influence environmental resource management and cause environmental issues, the processes by which these environmental problems are socially constructed and define as social issues, and societal responses to these problems.