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  2. John Dalton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dalton

    John Dalton FRS (/ ˈ d ɔː l t ən /; 5 or 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist. [1] He introduced the atomic theory into chemistry.

  3. Plum pudding model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum_pudding_model

    An atom with seven electrons arranged in a pentagonal dipyramid, as imagined by Thomson in 1905. The plum pudding model is an obsolete scientific model of the atom.It was first proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904 following his discovery of the electron in 1897, and was rendered obsolete by Ernest Rutherford's discovery of the atomic nucleus in 1911.

  4. Molecular model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_model

    John Dalton represented compounds as aggregations of circular atoms, and although Johann Josef Loschmidt did not create physical models, his diagrams based on circles are two-dimensional analogues of later models. [2] August Wilhelm von Hofmann is credited with the first physical molecular model around 1860. [3]

  5. Atom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom

    The Bohr model of the atom, with an electron making instantaneous "quantum leaps" from one orbit to another with gain or loss of energy. This model of electrons in orbits is obsolete. A problem in classical mechanics is that an accelerating charged particle radiates electromagnetic radiation, causing the particle to lose kinetic energy.

  6. History of molecular theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_molecular_theory

    John Dalton's union of atoms combined in ratios (1808) Similar to these views, in 1803 John Dalton took the atomic weight of hydrogen, the lightest element, as unity, and determined, for example, that the ratio for nitrous anhydride was 2 to 3 which gives the formula N 2 O 3. Dalton incorrectly imagined that atoms "hooked" together to form ...

  7. History of atomic theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_atomic_theory

    Dalton defined an atom as being the "ultimate particle" of a chemical substance, and he used the term "compound atom" to refer to "ultimate particles" which contain two or more elements. This is inconsistent with the modern definition, wherein an atom is the basic particle of a chemical element and a molecule is an agglomeration of atoms.

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    Get AOL Mail for FREE! Manage your email like never before with travel, photo & document views. Personalize your inbox with themes & tabs. You've Got Mail!

  9. Molecular graphics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_graphics

    Ribbon diagrams are schematic representations of protein structure and are one of the most common methods of protein depiction used today. The ribbon shows the overall path and organization of the protein backbone in 3D, and serves as a visual framework on which to hang details of the full atomic structure, such as the balls for the oxygen ...