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The High Seas treaty aims to address the regulatory gaps, [18] by promoting coherence and coordination with and among existing institutions, frameworks, and bodies. [19] The areas beyond national jurisdiction comprise the 'high seas' (water column) and the ‘area’ (seabeds), making up about two-thirds of the ocean.
UNCLOS replaced the four treaties of the 1958 Convention on the High Seas. UNCLOS came into force in 1994, a year after Guyana became the 60th nation to ratify the treaty. [ 1 ] In 2023, agreement was reached on a High Seas Treaty to be added as an instrument of the convention, to protect ocean life in international waters.
The Convention on the High Seas is an international treaty which codifies the rules of international law relating to the high seas, otherwise known as international waters. [1] The convention was one of four treaties created at the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ( UNCLOS I ). [ 2 ]
In 1973, the Protocol relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Marine Pollution by Substances other than Oil was adopted extending the provision of the 1969 Convention to other hazardous substances. The list of hazardous substances covered by Protocol was amended and extended in 1991, 1996 and 2002.
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The high seas make up 50% of the surface area of the planet and cover over two-thirds of the ocean. [ 5 ] Ships sailing the high seas are generally under the jurisdiction of the flag state (if there is one); [ 6 ] however, when a ship is involved in certain criminal acts, such as piracy , [ 7 ] any nation can exercise jurisdiction under the ...
The Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas is an agreement that was designed to solve through international cooperation the problems involved in the conservation of living resources of the high seas, considering that because of the development of modern technology some of these resources are in danger of ...
On July 16, 2012, 34 Republican Senators signed a letter to U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman John Kerry pledging to vote against the treaty. [13] Because treaty ratification in the U.S. requires 2/3 of the United States Senate to vote for approval, the 34