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The Heaviside–Feynman formula, also known as the Jefimenko–Feynman formula, can be seen as the point-like electric charge version of Jefimenko's equations. Actually, it can be (non trivially) deduced from them using Dirac functions, or using the Liénard-Wiechert potentials. [4] It is mostly known from The Feynman Lectures on Physics, where ...
Position vectors r and r′ used in the calculation. The starting point is Maxwell's equations in the potential formulation using the Lorenz gauge: =, = where φ(r, t) is the electric potential and A(r, t) is the magnetic vector potential, for an arbitrary source of charge density ρ(r, t) and current density J(r, t), and is the D'Alembert operator. [2]
Another of Heaviside's four equations is an amalgamation of Maxwell's law of total currents (equation "A") with Ampère's circuital law (equation "C"). This amalgamation, which Maxwell himself had actually originally made at equation (112) in "On Physical Lines of Force", is the one that modifies Ampère's Circuital Law to include Maxwell's ...
Maxwell's equations on a plaque on his statue in Edinburgh. Maxwell's equations, or Maxwell–Heaviside equations, are a set of coupled partial differential equations that, together with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of classical electromagnetism, classical optics, electric and magnetic circuits.
Heaviside worked to eliminate the potentials (electric potential and magnetic potential) that Maxwell had used as the central concepts in his equations; [21] this effort was somewhat controversial, [22] though it was understood by 1884 that the potentials must propagate at the speed of light like the fields, unlike the concept of instantaneous ...
Rydberg formula for quantum description of the EM radiation due to atomic orbital electrons; Jefimenko's equations; Larmor formula; Abraham–Lorentz force; Inhomogeneous electromagnetic wave equation; Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory also known as the Wheeler–Feynman time-symmetric theory; Paradox of a charge in a gravitational field
The covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism refers to ways of writing the laws of classical electromagnetism (in particular, Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force) in a form that is manifestly invariant under Lorentz transformations, in the formalism of special relativity using rectilinear inertial coordinate systems.
To convert any formula between the SI, Heaviside–Lorentz system or Gaussian system, the corresponding expressions shown in the table below can be equated and hence substituted for each other. Replace 1 / c 2 {\displaystyle 1/c^{2}} by ε 0 μ 0 {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}\mu _{0}} or vice versa.