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Neural Polar Decoders (NPDs) [14] are an advancement in channel coding that combine neural networks (NNs) with polar codes, providing unified decoding for channels with or without memory, without requiring an explicit channel model. They use four neural networks to approximate the functions of polar decoding: the embedding (E) NN, the check ...
The code RM(r, m) is a [,,]-code, that is, it is a linear code over a binary alphabet, has block length, message length (or dimension) k, and minimum distance. 0 1
Tomita's key discovery concerned the remarkable properties of the closure of the operator ♯ and its polar decomposition. If S denotes this closure (a conjugate-linear unbounded operator), let Δ = S* S, a positive unbounded operator. Let S = J Δ 1/2 denote its polar decomposition. Then J is a conjugate-linear isometry satisfying [4]
LDPC codes functionally are defined by a sparse parity-check matrix. This sparse matrix is often randomly generated, subject to the sparsity constraints—LDPC code construction is discussed later. These codes were first designed by Robert Gallager in 1960. [5] Below is a graph fragment of an example LDPC code using Forney's factor graph notation.
The binary signal is encoded using rectangular pulse-amplitude modulation with polar return-to-zero code. Return-to-zero (RZ or RTZ) describes a line code used in telecommunications signals in which the signal drops (returns) to zero between pulses. This takes place even if a number of consecutive 0s or 1s occur in the signal. The signal is ...
Polar code may refer to: International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters, an international code of safety for ships operating in polar waters;
Lecture Notes in Physics (LNP) is a book series published by Springer Science+Business Media in the field of physics, including articles related to both research and teaching. It was established in 1969.
Polar modulation was originally developed by Thomas Edison in his 1874 quadruplex telegraph – this allowed 4 signals to be sent along a pair of lines, 2 in each direction. Sending a signal in each direction had already been accomplished earlier, and Edison found that by combining amplitude and phase modulation (i.e., by polar modulation), he ...