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  2. Topological sorting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_sorting

    An alternative algorithm for topological sorting is based on depth-first search.The algorithm loops through each node of the graph, in an arbitrary order, initiating a depth-first search that terminates when it hits any node that has already been visited since the beginning of the topological sort or the node has no outgoing edges (i.e., a leaf node):

  3. Topological order - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_order

    In physics, topological order [1] is a kind of order in the zero-temperature phase of matter (also known as quantum matter). Macroscopically, topological order is defined and described by robust ground state degeneracy [2] and quantized non-abelian geometric phases of degenerate ground states. [1]

  4. Order topology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_topology

    Unless otherwise specified, this is the usual topology given to ordinals. Moreover, if we are willing to accept a proper class as a topological space, then we may similarly view the class of all ordinals as a topological space with the order topology. The set of limit points of an ordinal α is precisely the set of limit ordinals less than α.

  5. Topology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology

    A three-dimensional model of a figure-eight knot.The figure-eight knot is a prime knot and has an Alexander–Briggs notation of 4 1.. Topology (from the Greek words τόπος, 'place, location', and λόγος, 'study') is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling ...

  6. Specialization (pre)order - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specialization_(pre)order

    In the branch of mathematics known as topology, the specialization (or canonical) preorder is a natural preorder on the set of the points of a topological space.For most spaces that are considered in practice, namely for all those that satisfy the T 0 separation axiom, this preorder is even a partial order (called the specialization order).

  7. Order topology (functional analysis) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_topology_(functional...

    In mathematics, specifically in order theory and functional analysis, the order topology of an ordered vector space (,) is the finest locally convex topological vector space (TVS) topology on for which every order interval is bounded, where an order interval in is a set of the form [,]:= {:} where and belong to . [1]

  8. Comparison of topologies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_topologies

    For definiteness the reader should think of a topology as the family of open sets of a topological space, since that is the standard meaning of the word "topology". Let τ 1 and τ 2 be two topologies on a set X such that τ 1 is contained in τ 2: . That is, every element of τ 1 is also an element of τ 2.

  9. tsort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsort

    The traditional ld (Unix linker) requires that its library inputs be sorted in topological order, since it processes files in a single pass. This applies both to static libraries ( *.a ) and dynamic libraries ( *.so ), and in the case of static libraries preferably for the individual object files contained within.