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  2. Brightness temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brightness_temperature

    Nonthermal sources can have very high brightness temperatures. In pulsars the brightness temperature can reach 10 30 K. [9] For the radiation of a helium–neon laser with a power of 1 mW, a frequency spread Δf = 1 GHz, an output aperture of 1 mm 2, and a beam dispersion half-angle of 0.56 mrad, the brightness temperature would be 1.5 × 10 10 ...

  3. Glossary of physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_physics

    A branch of physics that studies atoms as isolated systems of electrons and an atomic nucleus. Compare nuclear physics. atomic structure atomic weight (A) The sum total of protons (or electrons) and neutrons within an atom. audio frequency A periodic vibration whose frequency is in the band audible to the average human, the human hearing range.

  4. Brightness (disambiguation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brightness_(disambiguation)

    Brightness is the polar opposite of darkness. ... Scientific. Luminosity; Brightness (sound) Brightness temperature; Surface Brightness; Artistic. The Brightness, ...

  5. Glossary of astronomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_astronomy

    A-type star In the Harvard spectral classification system, a class of main-sequence star having spectra dominated by Balmer absorption lines of hydrogen. Stars of spectral class A are typically blue-white or white in color, measure between 1.4 and 2.1 times the mass of the Sun, and have surface temperatures of 7,600–10,000 kelvin.

  6. Luminosity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminosity

    In addition to this brightness decrease from increased distance, there is an extra decrease of brightness due to extinction from intervening interstellar dust. [18] By measuring the width of certain absorption lines in the stellar spectrum, it is often possible to assign a certain luminosity class to a star without knowing its distance. Thus a ...

  7. Brightness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brightness

    As defined by the US Federal Glossary of Telecommunication Terms , "brightness" should now be used only for non-quantitative references to physiological sensations and perceptions of light. [3] Brightness is an antonym of "dimness" or "dullness". With regard to stars, brightness is quantified as apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude.

  8. Scientists Say Van Gogh’s Starry Night Contains Hidden Physics

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/scientists-van-gogh-starry...

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  9. List of common physics notations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_physics...

    kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m 3) diameter: meter (m) distance: meter (m) direction: unitless impact parameter meter (m) differential (e.g. ) varied depending on context differential vector element of surface area A, with infinitesimally small magnitude and direction normal to surface S