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The driving force for transport of different components is provided by a chemical potential difference between the liquid feed/retentate and vapor permeate at each side of the membrane. The retentate is the remainder of the feed leaving the membrane feed chamber, which is not permeated through the membrane.
Where Qp is the permeate stream flowrate [kg·s −1], F w is the water flux rate [kg·m −2 ·s −1] and A is the membrane area [m 2] The permeability (k) [m·s −2 ·bar −1] of a membrane is given by the next equation: = The trans-membrane pressure (TMP) is given by the following expression:
The membrane used in the process is a generally non-porous layer, so there will not be a severe leakage of gas through the membrane. The performance of the membrane depends on permeability and selectivity. Permeability is affected by the penetrant size. Larger gas molecules have a lower diffusion coefficient.
The concept of permeability is of importance in determining the flow characteristics of hydrocarbons in oil and gas reservoirs, [4] and of groundwater in aquifers. [5]For a rock to be considered as an exploitable hydrocarbon reservoir without stimulation, its permeability must be greater than approximately 100 md (depending on the nature of the hydrocarbon – gas reservoirs with lower ...
Tires: Air pressure in tires should decrease as slowly as possible. A good tire is one that allows the least amount of gas to escape. Permeation will occur over time with the tires, so it is best to know the permeability of the material that will make up the tire with the desired gas to make the most efficient tires.
Staverman's reflection coefficient, σ, is a unitless constant that is specific to the permeability of a membrane to a given solute. [4] The Starling equation, written without σ, describes the flow of a solvent across a membrane that is impermeable to the solutes contained within the solution. [5] σ n corrects for the partial permeability of ...
Drug permeability; Semipermeable membrane, a membrane which will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion; Vascular permeability, the movement of fluids and molecules between the vascular and extravascular compartments; Permeation of a gas or vapor through a solid substance
This measured pressure permits obtaining the pore diameter, which is calculated by using the Young-Laplace formula P= 4*γ*cos θ*/D in which D is the pore size diameter, P is the pressure measured, γ is the surface tension of the wetting liquid and θ is the contact angle of the wetting liquid with the sample. The surface tension γ is a ...