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Toussaint Louverture was born as a slave in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, now known as Haiti. He was a devout Catholic , and was manumitted as an affranchi (ex-slave) before the French Revolution , identifying as a Creole for the greater part of his life.
The declaration marked Haiti becoming the first independent nation of Latin America and only the second in the Americas after the United States. [1] Notably, the Haitian declaration of independence signalled the culmination of the only successful slave revolution in history. [2] Only two copies of the original printed version exist.
The Slaves Who Defeated Napoleon: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence 1801–1804. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-1732-4. Julius, Kevin C. (2004). The abolitionist decade, 1829-1838: a year-by-year history of early events in the antislavery movement.
The Haitian Declaration of Independence was proclaimed on January 1st, 1804, in the port city of Gonaïves by Jean-Jacques Dessalines, marking the end of the 13-year-long Haitian Revolution. With this declaration, Haiti became the first independent Black nation in the Western Hemisphere.
The Declaration was originally drafted by the Marquis de Lafayette, ... Toussaint Louverture was sickened by his attitudes and actions. (Beard, p. 55) [16]
Their proclamations abolishing slavery were not universally well-received even among the Black population of Saint-Domingue; Toussaint Louverture, a former slave who was allied with the Spanish at the time, doubted its sincerity. [9] Louverture then began pressuring the Spanish to issue a similar proclamation. [10]
This was to occur in January 1801 when Toussaint Louverture, then still loyal to France, occupied Santo Domingo in the name of the French Republic. [10] In 1804 the leader of the Haitian revolution, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, declared Haiti's independence. Independence did not come easily given the fact that Haiti had been France's most ...
By mid 1798, the U.S. Secretary of State Timothy Pickering confirmed that the United States would accept the resumption of commercial relations in case of victory of Toussaint Louverture, became then very likely scenario, and in November 1798 Toussaint Louverture sent Joseph Bunuel meet the main merchants of Philadelphia to negotiate the ...