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Untreated PID can result in long-term complications including infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and cancer. [2] [3] [4] The disease is caused by bacteria that spread from the vagina and cervix. [5] It has been reported that infections by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis are present in 75 to 90 percent of cases. [2]
If untreated, gonorrhea can spread to joints or heart valves. [1] [2] Gonorrhea affects about 0.8% of women and 0.6% of men. [6] An estimated 33 to 106 million new cases occur each year. [10] [11] In 2015, it caused about 700 deaths. [12] Diagnosis is by testing the urine, urethra in males, vagina or cervix in females.
Untreated infection in women may cause pelvic inflammatory disease and possible infertility due to the resulting scarring. [11] Gonorrhoea is diagnosed through cultures , Gram staining , or nucleic acid tests (i.e. polymerase chain reaction ) of urine samples, urethral swabs, or cervical swabs.
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“If you don’t have gonorrhea, you can’t get drug-resistant gonorrhea,” says Hamill, “so use tried and trusted ways such as condoms to prevent acquiring gonorrhea in the first place.
Untreated, it can lead to complications and death. [67] Clinical manifestations of syphilis include the ulceration of the uro-genital tract, mouth or rectum; if left untreated the symptoms worsen. In recent years, the prevalence of syphilis has declined in Western Europe, but it has increased in Eastern Europe (former Soviet states).
Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit hospital system with campuses in Rochester, Minnesota; Scottsdale and Phoenix, Arizona; and Jacksonville, Florida. [22] [23] Mayo Clinic employs 76,000 people, including more than 7,300 physicians and clinical residents and over 66,000 allied health staff, as of 2022. [5]
[77] [78] In 2020 a man in Canada who was receiving antiandrogen drug treatment for colon cancer murdered his doctor over the belief that they were chemically castrating him due to his race. Chemical castration involves the administration of antiandrogen drugs, such as cyproterone acetate , flutamide , or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists .
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