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The Schmidt sting pain index arose from the pursuit of a larger hypothesis: that the evolution of sociality in Hymenoptera was dependent on the evolution of venom that was both painful and toxic. [6] Pain is a signal of damage in the body, but molecules that produce pain and those that are toxic, and actively cause damage, are not the same.
Justin Orvel Schmidt (March 23, 1947 – February 18, 2023) was an American entomologist, co-author of Insect Defenses: Adaptive Mechanisms and Strategies of Prey and Predators, [1] author of The Sting of the Wild, [2] and creator of the Schmidt sting pain index. Schmidt studied honey bee nutrition, chemical communication, physiology, ecology ...
Synoeca is a genus of eusocial paper wasps found in the tropical forests of the Americas. Commonly known as warrior wasps or drumming wasps, they are known for their aggressive behavior, a threat display consisting of multiple insects guarding a nest beating their wings [2] in a synchronized fashion, and an extremely painful sting (rating at the highest level of 4 in the Schmidt sting pain index).
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The Starr sting pain scale was created by the entomologist Christopher Starr as a scale to compare the overall pain of hymenopteran stings on a four-point scale, an expansion of the "pain index" originally created by Justin Schmidt. [1] [2] 1 is the lowest pain rating; 4 is the highest.
Only the females hunt, so only they are capable of delivering a sting, which is considered the second most painful of any insect sting; scoring 4.0 on the Schmidt sting pain index compared to the bullet ant's 4.0+. [2] It is the state insect of New Mexico. [3] The colour morphs are the xanthic orange-winged form and the melanic black winged form.
Justin Schmidt, an entomologist who developed the Schmidt sting pain index, described it as "pure, intense, brilliant pain...like walking over flaming charcoal with a three-inch nail embedded in your heel," and considers the sting from a bullet ant to be the most painful insect sting he has experienced. [11] The pain from bullet ant stings can ...
Schmidt sting pain index; Starr sting pain scale; T. Toxicology of red imported fire ant venom This page was last edited on 22 December 2022, at 02:07 (UTC). Text ...