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Immortalised cell lines find use in biotechnology, where they are a cost-effective way of growing cells similar to those found in a multicellular organism in vitro. The cells are used for a wide variety of purposes, from testing toxicity of compounds or drugs to production of eukaryotic proteins.
Among the most commonly used cell lines are HeLa and Jurkat, both of which are immortalized cancer cell lines. [4] These cells have been and still are widely used in biological research such as creation of the polio vaccine, [5] sex hormone steroid research, [6] and cell metabolism. [7] Embryonic stem cells and germ cells have also been ...
Pericytes and astrocytes endfeet (Astrocytic endfeet envelop the abluminal surface of brain capillaries, accounting for 70% to nearly 100% of their total surface area). [34] The inner blood retinal barrier (iBRB) [35] Pericytes and endfeet of glial cells like astrocytes and Müller cells. The glomerular filtration barrier: Foot processes of ...
HeLa (/ ˈ h iː l ɑː /) is an immortalized cell line used in scientific research. It is the oldest human cell line and one of the most commonly used. [1] [2] HeLa cells are durable and prolific, allowing for extensive applications in scientific study.
The proportion of astrocytes in the brain is not well defined; depending on the counting technique used, studies have found that the astrocyte proportion varies by region and ranges from 20% to around 40% of all glia. [3] Another study reports that astrocytes are the most numerous cell type in the brain. [2]
On 2021, Stephen Quake guessed that the upper limit of the number of human cell types would be around 6000, based on a reasoning that "if biologists had discovered only 5% of cell types in the human body, then the upper limit of cell types to discover is somewhere around 6000 (i.e., 300/0.05)." [10] Other different efforts have used different ...
An S-layer (surface layer) is a cell surface protein layer found in many different bacteria and in some archaea, where it serves as the cell wall. All S-layers are made up of a two-dimensional array of proteins and have a crystalline appearance, the symmetry of which differs between species.
Henrietta Lacks (born Loretta Pleasant; August 1, 1920 – October 4, 1951) [2] was an African-American woman [5] whose cancer cells are the source of the HeLa cell line, the first immortalized human cell line [B] and one of the most important cell lines in medical research. An immortalized cell line reproduces indefinitely under specific ...