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  2. Contact mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_mechanics

    In contact between two cylinders with parallel axes, the force is linearly proportional to the length of cylinders L and to the indentation depth d: [18] The radii of curvature are entirely absent from this relationship. The contact radius is described through the usual relationship

  3. Polytrope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytrope

    The normalized density as a function of scale length for a wide range of polytropic indices. In astrophysics, a polytrope refers to a solution of the Lane–Emden equation in which the pressure depends upon the density in the form = (+) / = + /, where P is pressure, ρ is density and K is a constant of proportionality. [1]

  4. Contact angle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_angle

    Cloth, treated to be hydrophobic, shows a high contact angle. The theoretical description of contact angle arises from the consideration of a thermodynamic equilibrium between the three phases: the liquid phase (L), the solid phase (S), and the gas or vapor phase (G) (which could be a mixture of ambient atmosphere and an equilibrium concentration of the liquid vapor).

  5. Stokes' law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes'_law

    If correctly selected, it reaches terminal velocity, which can be measured by the time it takes to pass two marks on the tube. Electronic sensing can be used for opaque fluids. Knowing the terminal velocity, the size and density of the sphere, and the density of the liquid, Stokes' law can be used to calculate the viscosity of the fluid. A ...

  6. Young–Laplace equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young–Laplace_equation

    In physics, the Young–Laplace equation (/ l ə ˈ p l ɑː s /) is an algebraic equation that describes the capillary pressure difference sustained across the interface between two static fluids, such as water and air, due to the phenomenon of surface tension or wall tension, although use of the latter is only applicable if assuming that the wall is very thin.

  7. Lane–Emden equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lane–Emden_equation

    where is a dimensionless radius and is related to the density, and thus the pressure, by = for central density .The index is the polytropic index that appears in the polytropic equation of state, = + where and are the pressure and density, respectively, and is a constant of proportionality.

  8. Van der Waals equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_equation

    Van der Waals based the equation on the idea that fluids are composed of discrete particles, which few scientists believed existed. However, the equation accurately predicted the behavior of a fluid around its critical point, which had been discovered a few years earlier. Its qualitative and quantitative agreement with experiments ultimately ...

  9. Bernoulli's principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli's_principle

    Bernoulli's principle is a key concept in fluid dynamics that relates pressure, density, speed and height. Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a parcel of fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in either the pressure or the height above a datum. [1]: