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Page kidney or Page phenomena is a potentially reversible form of secondary arterial hypertension caused by external compression of the renal parenchyma by some perirenal process. [1] Any process that causes mass effect can be a potential cause of Page kidney.
This is because they have been associated with increased risk of new-onset diabetes and as such are recommended for use in patients over 65, for whom the risk of new-onset diabetes is outweighed by the benefits of controlling systolic blood pressure. [8] Another theory is that they are off-patent and thus rarely promoted by the drug industry. [9]
Renovascular hypertension is a condition in which high blood pressure is caused by the kidneys' hormonal response to narrowing of the arteries supplying the kidneys. [1] When functioning properly this hormonal axis regulates blood pressure. Due to low local blood flow, the kidneys mistakenly increase blood pressure of the entire circulatory system.
[19] [20] High blood pressure affects 33% of the population globally. [9] About half of all people with high blood pressure do not know that they have it. [9] In 2019, high blood pressure was believed to have been a factor in 19% of all deaths (10.4 million globally). [9] Video summary
In panic disorder, elevation of blood pressure is generally mild and is normally triggered by fear or panic. [4] There is a small percentage, approximately 2% who raises suspicion for have pheochromocytoma, a tumour in the adrenal glands. This involves the sympathetic nervous system and treatment for paroxysmal hypertension is available. [5]
The frequency of occurrence is estimated at 1,000 new cases per year in the United States. [3] [1] Females are more often affected than males. [1] Onset is typically between 20 and 60 years of age. [3] Pulmonary hypertension was identified by Ernst von Romberg in 1891. [9] [4]
Preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension occurs when a pregnant woman with chronic hypertension develops signs of pre-eclampsia, typically defined as new onset of proteinuria ≥30 mg/dL (1+ in the dipstick) in at least 2 random urine specimens that were collected ≥4 h apart (but within a 7-day interval) or 0.3 g in a 24-h period. [19]
A hypertensive emergency is very high blood pressure with potentially life-threatening symptoms and signs of acute damage to one or more organ systems (especially brain, eyes, heart, aorta, or kidneys). It is different from a hypertensive urgency by this additional evidence for impending irreversible hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD).