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Orchiectomy (also named orchidectomy) is a surgical procedure in which one or both testicles are removed. The surgery can be performed for various reasons: [1] [2] [3] treatment for testicular cancer; as part of gender-affirming surgery for transgender women; as management for advanced prostate cancer [4] to remove damaged testes after ...
The parallel of castration for female animals is spaying. Castration may also refer medically to oophorectomy in female humans and animals. The term castration may also be sometimes used to refer to emasculation where both the testicles and the penis are removed together. In some cultures, and in some translations, no distinction is made ...
Trans women may also benefit from hair removal and facial feminization surgery, while some trans men may have liposuction to remove fat deposits around their hips and thighs. [5] Hijra, a third gender found in the Indian subcontinent, may opt to undergo castration. [5]
The removal of the penis was used as a punishment for men in the Heian period in Japan, where it replaced execution. It was called rasetsu 羅切 (らせつ), and was separate from castration which was called kyūkei 宮刑 (きゅうけい). [10] [11] Rasetsu was done voluntarily by some Japanese Buddhist priests to ensure celibacy.
The surgery is also called ovariectomy, but this term is mostly used in reference to non-human animals, e.g. the surgical removal of ovaries from laboratory animals. Removal of the ovaries of females is the biological equivalent of castration of males; the term castration is only occasionally used in the medical literature to refer to ...
Surgical castration is bilateral orchiectomy (excision of both testicles), while chemical castration uses pharmaceutical drugs to deactivate the testes. Castration causes sterilization (preventing the castrated person or animal from reproducing); it also greatly reduces the production of hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen.
Chemical castration uses medications that block testosterone production to decrease sex drive. Surgical castration is a much more invasive procedure that involves the removal of both testicles or ...
Lili Elbe was the first well-known recipient of male-to-female sex reassignment surgery, in Germany in 1930, the first being Dora Richter. She was the subject of four surgeries: one for orchiectomy , one to transplant an ovary , one for penectomy , and one for vaginoplasty and a uterus transplant.