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  2. List of glossing abbreviations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_glossing_abbreviations

    Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.

  3. English possessive - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_possessive

    The possessive form of an English noun, or more generally a noun phrase, is made by suffixing a morpheme which is represented orthographically as ' s (the letter s preceded by an apostrophe), and is pronounced in the same way as the regular English plural ending (e)s: namely, as / ɪ z / when following a sibilant sound (/ s /, / z /, / ʃ /, / ʒ /, / tʃ / or / dʒ /), as / s / when following ...

  4. Grammar–translation method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammartranslation_method

    The grammartranslation method is a method of teaching foreign languages derived from the classical (sometimes called traditional) method of teaching Ancient Greek and Latin. In grammartranslation classes, students learn grammatical rules and then apply those rules by translating sentences between the target language and the native language.

  5. Google Dictionary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Dictionary

    Google Dictionary is an online dictionary service of Google that can be accessed with the "define" operator and other similar phrases [note 1] in Google Search. [2] It is also available in Google Translate and as a Google Chrome extension. The dictionary content is licensed from Oxford University Press's Oxford Languages. [3]

  6. Sic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sic

    The adverb sic, meaning 'intentionally so written', first appeared in English c. 1856. [4] It is derived from the Latin adverb sīc , which means 'so', 'thus', 'in this manner'. [ 5 ] According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the verbal form of sic , meaning 'to mark with a sic' , emerged in 1889, E. Belfort Bax 's work in The Ethics of ...

  7. Gloss (annotation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloss_(annotation)

    A gloss is a brief notation, especially a marginal or interlinear one, of the meaning of a word or wording in a text. It may be in the language of the text or in the reader's language if that is different. A collection of glosses is a glossary. A collection of medieval legal glosses, made by glossators, is called an apparatus.

  8. Bilingual dictionary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilingual_dictionary

    A bilingual dictionary or translation dictionary is a specialized dictionary used to translate words or phrases from one language to another. Bilingual dictionaries can be unidirectional , meaning that they list the meanings of words of one language in another, or can be bidirectional , allowing translation to and from both languages.

  9. Syntax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax

    In linguistics, syntax (/ ˈ s ɪ n t æ k s / SIN-taks) [1] [2] is the study of how words and morphemes combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences.Central concerns of syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), [3] agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning ().