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Cobalt-60 (60 Co) is a synthetic radioactive isotope of cobalt with a half-life of 5.2714 years. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] : 39 It is produced artificially in nuclear reactors . Deliberate industrial production depends on neutron activation of bulk samples of the monoisotopic and mononuclidic cobalt isotope 59
This is a list of prices of chemical elements. Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. Data on elements' abundance in Earth's crust is added for comparison. As of 2020, the most expensive non-synthetic element by both mass and volume is rhodium.
A typical cobalt-60 capsule, comprising: (A) An international standard source holder (usually lead), (B) a retaining ring, and (C) a teletherapy "source" composed of (D) two nested stainless steel canisters welded to two (E) stainless steel lids surrounding an (F) internal shield (usually uranium metal or a tungsten alloy) that protects a (G) cylinder of radioactive source material.
According to the 1985 CNSNS report, about four thousand people were exposed to cobalt-60 radiation as a result of the incident. [3] It is estimated that almost 80 percent of people received a dose less than 500 mrem (equivalent to 5 m Sv ); 18 percent, between 0.5 and 25 rems (5–25 mSv); and only two percent (about 80 people) received doses ...
A radiation accident occurred in Samut Prakan Province, Thailand in January–February 2000. The accident happened when an insecurely stored unlicensed cobalt-60 radiation source was recovered by scrap metal collectors who, together with a scrapyard worker, subsequently dismantled the container, unknowingly exposing themselves and others nearby to ionizing radiation.
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Cobalt is also used in the petroleum industry as a catalyst when refining crude oil. This is to purge it of sulfur, which is very polluting when burned and causes acid rain. [11] Cobalt is the active center of a group of coenzymes called cobalamins. Vitamin B 12, the best-known example of the type, is an essential vitamin for all animals.
Decay scheme of 60 Co. These relations can be quite complicated; a simple case is shown here: the decay scheme of the radioactive cobalt isotope cobalt-60. [1] 60 Co decays by emitting an electron with a half-life of 5.272 years into an excited state of 60 Ni, which then decays very fast to the ground state of 60 Ni, via two gamma decays.