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In mild disease, patients present with eyelid retraction. In fact, upper eyelid retraction is the most common ocular sign of Graves' orbitopathy. This finding is associated with lid lag on infraduction (Von Graefe's sign), eye globe lag on supraduction (Kocher's sign), a widened palpebral fissure during fixation (Dalrymple's sign) and an incapacity of closing the eyelids completely ...
There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
Though the exact cause of myxedema is still unclear, a wealth of research has demonstrated the importance of iodine. [10] In an important study [11] the researchers showed that in the myxedematous type of cretinism treatment with iodine normalizes thyroid function provided that the treatment is begun early in the postnatal period. If not, the ...
Thyroid disease is a medical condition that affects the structure and/or function of the thyroid gland.The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck and produces thyroid hormones [1] that travel through the blood to help regulate many other organs, meaning that it is an endocrine organ.
Around the world, the most common cause of congenital iodine deficiency syndrome (endemic cretinism) [1] is dietary iodine deficiency. Iodine is an essential trace element, necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of neonatal and childhood brain damage worldwide. [11]
It is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in developed countries. [10] It typically begins between the ages of 30 and 50. [3] [4] Rates of the disease have increased. [9] It was first described by the Japanese physician Hakaru Hashimoto in 1912. [11] Studies in 1956 discovered that it was an autoimmune disorder. [12]
Blurred vision is an ocular symptom where vision becomes less precise and there is added difficulty to resolve fine details. Temporary blurred vision may involve dry eyes, eye infections, alcohol poisoning , hypoglycemia , or low blood pressure .
Woltman's sign (also called Woltman's sign of hypothyroidism or, in older references, myxedema reflex [1]) is a delayed relaxation phase of an elicited deep tendon reflex, usually tested in the Achilles tendon of the patient. Woltman's sign is named for Henry Woltman, an American neurologist. [2]