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Muscular dystrophies are caused by mutations in genes, usually those involved in making muscle proteins. [2] The muscle protein, dystrophin, is in most muscle cells and works to strengthen the muscle fibers and protect them from injury as muscles contract and relax. [3] It links the muscle membrane to the thin muscular filaments within the cell.
Limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) as defined by the European Neuromuscular Centre in 2018. [1] [2] They are named by the following system: LGMD, recessive or dominant inheritance (R or D), order of discovery (number), affected protein.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a rare progressive disease that eventually affects all voluntary muscles and involves the heart and breathing muscles in later stages. Life expectancy is estimated to be around 25–26, [18] [59] but this varies. People born with Duchenne muscular dystrophy after 1990 have a median life expectancy of approximately ...
The minimum prevalence of limb–girdle muscular dystrophy, as a group, likely ranges from 2.27–10 per 100,000 (1:44,000 to 1:10,000). [6] LGMD is the fourth most common muscular dystrophy, after the dystrophinopathies, myotonic dystrophies, and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. [26]
DM1 is the most common form of myotonic muscular dystrophy diagnosed in children, with a prevalence ranging from 1 per 100,000 in Japan to 3–15 per 100,000 in Europe. [13] The prevalence may be as high as 1 in 500 in regions such as Quebec, possibly due to the founder effect. The incidence of congenital myotonic dystrophy is thought to be ...
Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a type of muscular dystrophy, a group of heritable diseases that cause progressive impairment of muscles. EDMD affects muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles), causing atrophy, weakness, and contractures. It almost always affects the heart, causing abnormal rhythms, heart failure, or sudden ...
The symptoms of Bethlem myopathy may overlap with other conditions including Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, congenital muscular dystrophies, limb girdle muscular dystrophies, FHL1-related myopathies (X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy, reducing body myopathy, and scapuloperoneal myopathy), and some forms of Ehlers–Danlos ...
Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy; Other names: Scleroatonic muscular dystrophy [1] Autosomal recessive pattern is the inheritance manner of this condition: Symptoms: Muscle weakness [2] Types: UCMD1, UCMD2: Causes: Mutations in the COL6A1, COL6A2, COL6A3, and COL12A1 gene [3] Diagnostic method: Physical exam, Medical history [3] Medication