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In narratology, focalisation is the perspective through which a narrative is presented. [1] Coined by French narrative theorist Gérard Genette, his definition distinguishes between internal focalisation (first-person) and external focalisation (third-person, fixed on the actions of and environments around a character), with zero focalisation representing an omnisicent narrator. [2]
Ecosystem diversity deals with the variations in ecosystems within a geographical location and its overall impact on human existence and the environment. Ecosystem diversity addresses the combined characteristics of biotic properties which are living organisms ( biodiversity ) and abiotic properties such as nonliving things like water or soil ...
The diversity of species and genes in ecological communities affects the functioning of these communities. These ecological effects of biodiversity in turn are affected by both climate change through enhanced greenhouse gases, aerosols and loss of land cover [citation needed], and biological diversity, causing a rapid loss of biodiversity and extinctions of species and local populations.
There have been many claims about biodiversity's effect on the ecosystem services, especially provisioning and regulating services. [138] Some of those claims have been validated, some are incorrect and some lack enough evidence to draw definitive conclusions. [138] Ecosystem services have been grouped in three types: [138]
The loss of biodiversity may not directly affect humans, but the indirect effects of losing many species as well as the diversity of ecosystems in general are enormous. When biodiversity is lost, the environment loses many species that perform valuable and unique roles in the ecosystem.
While this process pre-dates human civilization, as evidenced by the fossil record, and still occurs due to natural impacts, it has recently been accelerated due anthropogenic pressures. [3] Biotic homogenization has become recognized as a significant component of the biodiversity crisis , and as such has become of increasing importance to ...
Conservation-far is the means of protecting nature by separating it and safeguarding it from humans. [29] Means of doing this include the creation of preserves or national parks. They are meant to keep the flora and fauna away from human influence and have become a staple method in the west. Conservation-near however is conservation via connection.
2.1 Third person limited omniscient. 3 Surprise, surprise! 4 Merge with Point of view (literature) 1 comment. 5 Focalization. 1 comment. Toggle the table of contents.