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Facultative intracellular parasites are capable of living and reproducing in or outside of host cells. Obligate intracellular parasites, on the other hand, need a host cell to live and reproduce. Many of these types of cells require specialized host types, and invasion of host cells occurs in different ways.
A facultative parasite is an organism that may resort to parasitic activity, but does not absolutely rely on any host for completion of its life cycle. Examples of facultative parasitism occur among many species of fungi , such as family members of the genus Armillaria .
An opportunistic infection is a serious infection caused by pathogens (bacteria, fungi, parasites or viruses) that under normal conditions, such as in humans with uncompromised immune systems, would cause a mild infection or no infection at all.
Examples of facultative intracellular bacteria include members of the genera Brucella, Legionella, Listeria, and Mycobacterium.These bacteria invade the human body and replicate inside the cells, evading the immune system and causing disease by disrupting the human's cells normal function.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to concepts related to infectious diseases in humans.. Infection – transmission, entry/invasion after evading/overcoming defense, establishment, and replication of disease-causing microscopic organisms (pathogens) inside a host organism, and the reaction of host tissues to them and to the toxins they produce.
A facultative anaerobic organism is an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation if oxygen is absent. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Some examples of facultatively anaerobic bacteria are Staphylococcus spp. , [ 3 ] Escherichia coli , Salmonella , Listeria spp., [ 4 ] Shewanella oneidensis and ...
It is a facultative anaerobe and an opportunistic pathogen in humans. It was discovered in 1819 by Bartolomeo Bizio in Padua , Italy. [ 4 ] S. marcescens is commonly involved in hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), also called nosocomial infections, particularly catheter-associated bacteremia , urinary tract infections , and wound infections ...
Salmonella species are facultative intracellular pathogens. [6] Salmonella can invade different cell types, including epithelial cells , M cells , macrophages , and dendritic cells . [ 55 ] As facultative anaerobic organism , Salmonella uses oxygen to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in aerobic environments (i.e., when oxygen is available).