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Boric acid in equilibrium with its conjugate base the borate ion is widely used (in the concentration range 50–100 ppm boron equivalents) as a primary or adjunct pH buffer system in swimming pools. Boric acid is a weak acid, with p K a (the pH at which buffering is strongest because the free acid and borate ion are in equal concentrations) of ...
In the environment these species usually include boric acid and borate, for example: B T = [H 2 BO − 3] + [H 3 BO 3] where B T is the total boron concentration [H 2 BO − 3] is the dihydrogen borate concentration [H 3 BO 3] is the boric acid concentration
If the boron concentration is increased (boration), the coolant/moderator absorbs more neutrons, adding negative reactivity. If the boron concentration is reduced (dilution), positive reactivity is added. The changing of boron concentration in a PWR is a slow process and is used primarily to compensate for fuel burnout or poison buildup.
Polymeric boron oxoanions are formed in aqueous solution of boric acid at pH 7–10 if the boron concentration is higher than about 0.025 mol/L. The best known of these is the tetraborate ion [B 4 O 7 ] 2− , found in the mineral borax:
Borax is also easily converted to boric acid and other borates, which have many applications. Its reaction with hydrochloric acid to form boric acid is: Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O + 2 HCl → 4 H 3 BO 3 + 2 NaCl + 5 H 2 O. Borax is sufficiently stable to find use as a primary standard for acid-base titrimetry. [17]: p.316
Borate concentration (giving buffering capacity) can vary from 10 mM to 100 mM. As BBS is used to emulate physiological conditions (as in animal or human body), the pH value is slightly alkaline, ranging from 8.0 to 9.0. NaCl gives the isotonic (mostly used 150 mM NaCl corresponds to physiological conditions: 0.9% NaCl) salt concentration.
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TBE or Tris/Borate/EDTA, is a buffer solution containing a mixture of Tris base, boric acid and EDTA. In molecular biology, TBE and TAE buffers are often used in procedures involving nucleic acids, the most common being electrophoresis.