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  2. Close-packing of equal spheres - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-packing_of_equal_spheres

    There are two simple regular lattices that achieve this highest average density. They are called face-centered cubic (FCC) (also called cubic close packed) and hexagonal close-packed (HCP), based on their symmetry. Both are based upon sheets of spheres arranged at the vertices of a triangular tiling; they differ in how the sheets are stacked ...

  3. Cubic crystal system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_crystal_system

    A network model of a primitive cubic system The primitive and cubic close-packed (also known as face-centered cubic) unit cells. In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.

  4. Hexagonal crystal family - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexagonal_crystal_family

    Hexagonal close packed (hcp) unit cell. Hexagonal close packed (hcp) is one of the two simple types of atomic packing with the highest density, the other being the face-centered cubic (fcc). However, unlike the fcc, it is not a Bravais lattice, as there are two nonequivalent sets of lattice points.

  5. Crystal structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure

    Bravais lattices, also referred to as space lattices, ... This arrangement of atoms in a crystal structure is known as hexagonal close packing (hcp).

  6. Sphere packing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere_packing

    Here there is a choice between separating the spheres into regions of close-packed equal spheres, or combining the multiple sizes of spheres into a compound or interstitial packing. When many sizes of spheres (or a distribution ) are available, the problem quickly becomes intractable, but some studies of binary hard spheres (two sizes) are ...

  7. Stacking fault - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stacking_fault

    Comparison of fcc and hcp lattices, explaining the formation of stacking faults in close-packed crystals. In crystallography, a stacking fault is a planar defect that can occur in crystalline materials. [1] [2] Crystalline materials form repeating patterns of layers of atoms. Errors can occur in the sequence of these layers and are known as ...

  8. Periodic table (crystal structure) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_(crystal...

    In closest packing, every atom has 12 equidistant nearest neighbours, and therefore a coordination number of 12. If the close packed structures are considered as being built of layers of spheres, then the difference between hexagonal close packing and face-centred cubic is how each layer is positioned relative to others.

  9. Lennard-Jones potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennard-Jones_potential

    The Lennard-Jones substance form fcc (face centered cubic), hcp (hexagonal close-packed) and other close-packed polytype lattices – depending on temperature and pressure, cf. figure above with phase diagram. At low temperature and up to moderate pressure, the hcp lattice is energetically favored and therefore the equilibrium structure.