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Leptospirosis is a blood infection caused by the bacterium Leptospira [8] that can infect humans, dogs, rodents and many other wild and domesticated animals. [8] Signs and symptoms can range from none to mild ( headaches , muscle pains , and fevers ) to severe ( bleeding in the lungs or meningitis ). [ 5 ]
Leptospirosis in canines can be divided into the four categories of reproductive, icteric, hemorrhagic, and uremic. Reproductive leptospirosis results in the premature birth of offspring or abortion, and uremic leptospirosis is referred to as Stuttgart disease. [32] L. interrogans triggers a highly inflammatory response in infected dogs.
L. interrogans can also obtain iron from heme, which is bound to most of the iron in the human body. The HbpA hemin-binding protein, which may be involved in the uptake of hemin , has been identified on the surface of L. interrogans [ 35 ] Although other pathogenic species of Leptospira and L. biflexa lack HbpA, yet another hemin-binding ...
Treponema pallidum subspecies which cause treponematoses such as syphilis and yaws. Brachyspira pilosicoli and Brachyspira aalborgi , which cause intestinal spirochaetosis [ 16 ] Salvarsan , the first partially organic synthetic antimicrobial drug in medical history, was effective against spirochaetes and primarily used to cure syphilis .
Leptospirosis: Caused by bacterium of genus Leptospira: Water contaminated by the animal urine carrying the bacteria Begins with flu-like symptoms then resolves. The second phase then occurs involving meningitis, liver damage (causes jaundice), and kidney failure: Otitis Externa (swimmer's ear) Caused by a number of bacterial and fungal species.
Conjunctival suffusion is an eye finding occurring early in leptospirosis, which is caused by Leptospira interrogans.Conjunctival suffusion is characterized by redness of the conjunctiva that resembles conjunctivitis, but it does not involve inflammatory exudates. [1]
The 2017 Puerto Rico Leptospirosis outbreak was an outbreak of leptospirosis that affected Puerto Rico in the fall of 2017, following Hurricane Maria's landfall.. Cases of infectious diseases often spike in the aftermath of intense storms, with flooding and damage to infrastructure leading to a wide variety of problems that increase the chance for transmission and exposure of infectious ...
Leptospira wolffii was first identified in Thailand from a patient's urine sample, who had contracted leptospirosis in 2008. [2] L.wolffii is classified as an intermediate Leptospira, along with L. inadai, L. fainei, L. broomii, and L. licerasiae, meaning it can be carried by a host asymptomatically or cause the disease leptospirosis. [5]