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A dog displaying the lip/nose licking behavior. Calming signals is a term conceived by Norwegian dog trainer and canine ethologist, Turid Rugaas, to describe the patterns of behavior used by dogs interacting with each other in environments that cause heightened stress and when conveying their desires or intentions.
She has identified some 30 calming signals to explain the communication of dogs. [ 1 ] Rugaas is the author of several books and DVDs that have been seminal in the subject of dog communication [ 2 ] that have since helped many dog trainers, behaviourists and ethologists understand dog language [ citation needed ] .
Ears pulled slightly back and slightly splayed – signals indecision, or uneasy suspicion that may become aggression. [1]: 131 Ears flickering, slightly forward, then slightly back or downward – signals indecision with a submissive or fearful component. [1]: 131 Ears pulled close to the head to give a "round face" – a calming signal. [17]
Traffic engineers refer to three "E's" when discussing traffic calming: engineering, (community) education, and (police) enforcement.Because neighborhood traffic management studies have shown that residents often contribute to the perceived speeding problem within their neighborhoods, instructions on traffic calming (for example in Hass-Klau et al., 1992 [4]) stress that the most effective ...
Aggression may occur an inappropriate response is made following warning signals. [2] For example, children often misinterpret the body language of dogs, especially when such motions precede an aggressive behaviour. The Calming signals are often not noticed or not interpreted correctly to recognize early signs of stress in a dog. [20]
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Rates of pedestrian injuries and fatalities decrease 88% when sidewalks are added, 69% hybrid beacon signals are added, and 39% when medians are added. [ 28 ] [ clarification needed ] The University of Oregon published a before and after study of 25 complete street projects and found significant automobile speed crash reductions for projects ...
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