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  2. Barriers to entry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barriers_to_entry

    An ancillary barrier to entry is a cost that does not constitute a barrier to entry by itself, but reinforces other barriers to entry if they are present. [ 1 ] [ 7 ] An antitrust barrier to entry is "a cost that delays entry and thereby reduces social welfare relative to immediate but equally costly entry". [ 1 ]

  3. Oligopoly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligopoly

    High barriers to entry and exit: [23] Important barriers include government licenses, economies of scale, patents, access to expensive and complex technology, and strategic actions by incumbent firms designed to discourage or destroy nascent firms. Additional sources of barriers to entry often result from government regulation favouring ...

  4. Coercive monopoly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coercive_monopoly

    Al Capone, one of the most famous bootleggers, built his criminal empire largely on profits from illegal alcohol and effectively used coercion (including murder) to impose barriers to entry on his competitors. However, even private coercive monopolies almost invariably require government support, whether direct or indirect.

  5. Natural monopoly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_monopoly

    Two different types of cost are important in microeconomics: marginal cost and fixed cost.The marginal cost is the cost to the company of serving one more customer. In an industry where a natural monopoly does not exist, the vast majority of industries, the marginal cost decreases with economies of scale, then increases as the company has growing pains (overworking its employees, bureaucracy ...

  6. Monopoly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly

    Barriers to entry: Barriers to entry are factors and circumstances that prevent entry into market by would-be competitors and limit new companies from operating and expanding within the market. PC markets have free entry and exit. There are no barriers to entry, or exit competition. Monopolies have relatively high barriers to entry.

  7. Market structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_structure

    In today's time, Karl Marx's theory about political influence on market makes sense as firms and industry are affected strongly by the regulation, taxes, tariffs, patents imposed by the government. These affect the barriers to entry and exit for the firms in the market. Perfect competition: 1.

  8. Non-tariff barriers to trade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-tariff_barriers_to_trade

    Some scholars divide them between internal taxes, administrative barriers, health and sanitary regulations and government procurement policies. Others divide them into more categories such as specific limitations on trade, customs and administrative entry procedures, standards, government participation in trade, charges on import, and other ...

  9. Regulatory capture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_capture

    Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) as Barrier-to-Competition: Applications-to-Operate vs In-Operation. For public choice theorists, regulatory capture occurs because groups or individuals with high-stakes interests in the outcome of policy or regulatory decisions can be expected to focus their resources and energies to gain the policy outcomes they prefer, while members of the public, each ...