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The United States federal executive departments are the principal units of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States.They are analogous to ministries common in parliamentary or semi-presidential systems but (the United States being a presidential system) they are led by a head of government who is also the head of state.
The Supreme Court ruled that the president has the power to unilaterally remove officials of the executive branch in Myers v. United States, the vagueness doctrine was established in Connally v. General Construction Co., and the legislative branch was confirmed to have the power to delegate authority in J. W. Hampton, Jr. & Co. v. United States.
The executive branch is established in Article Two of the United States Constitution, which vests executive power in the president of the United States. [14] [15] The president is both the head of state (performing ceremonial functions) and the head of government (the chief executive). [16]
The executive branch of the federal government includes the Executive Office of the President and the United States federal executive departments (whose secretaries belong to the Cabinet). Employees of the majority of these agencies are considered civil servants.
George Washington, the first president of the United States, organized his principal officers into a Cabinet, and it has been part of the executive branch structure ever since. Washington's Cabinet consisted of five members: himself, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson , Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton , Secretary of War Henry Knox ...
The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. The person shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows: [1] George Washington's inauguration as the first U.S. president, April 30, 1789, by Ramon de Elorriaga (1889)
An alternative to the Virginia Plan, known as the New Jersey Plan, also called for an elected executive but retained the legislative structure created by the Articles, a unicameral Congress where all states had one vote. [10] On June 19, 1787, delegates rejected the New Jersey Plan with three states voting in favor, seven against, and one divided.
The Eisenhower Executive Office Building at night. In 1937, the Brownlow Committee, which was a presidentially commissioned panel of political science and public administration experts, recommended sweeping changes to the executive branch of the U.S. federal government, including the creation of the Executive Office of the President.