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Bonner, Thomas N. Medicine in Chicago: 1850-1950 (1957), pp. 175-198. Brandt, Allan M., and Martha Gardner. "Antagonism and accommodation: interpreting the relationship between public health and medicine in the United States during the 20th century." American Journal of Public Health 90.5 (2000): 707+. online; Bureau of the Census.
Epidemics of the 19th century were faced without the medical advances that made 20th-century epidemics much rarer and less lethal. Micro-organisms (viruses and bacteria) had been discovered in the 18th century, but it was not until the late 19th century that the experiments of Lazzaro Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation conclusively, allowing germ theory and Robert ...
Bulletin of the History of Medicine 39#2 (2015), pp. 267–92. online; Longmate, Norman. King Cholera: The biography of a disease (1966), focus on UK epidemics; McLean, David. Public Health and Politics in the Age of Reform: Cholera, the State and the Royal Navy in Victorian Britain (2006). Mosley, Stephen.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, AMM staff engaged in various types of medical research. They pioneered in photomicrographic techniques, established a library and cataloging system which later formed the basis for the National Library of Medicine (NLM), and led the AMM into research on infectious diseases while discovering the cause of yellow fever.
A 12th-century manuscript of the Hippocratic Oath in Greek, one of the most famous aspects of classical medicine that carried into later eras. The history of medicine is both a study of medicine throughout history as well as a multidisciplinary field of study that seeks to explore and understand medical practices, both past and present, throughout human societies.
Prior to medicine becoming hard science, there were many philosophical theories about how disease originated and was transmitted. Though there were a few early thinkers that described the possibility of microorganisms, it was not until the mid to late nineteenth century when several noteworthy figures made discoveries which would provide more ...
In the Civil War, as was typical of the 19th century, far more soldiers died of disease than in battle, and even larger numbers were temporarily incapacitated by wounds, disease and accidents. [27] Conditions were very poor in the Confederacy, where doctors, hospitals and medical supplies were in short supply. [28] [29] [30]
The Cambridge Illustrated History of Medicine (2001) excerpt and text search excerpt and text search; Singer, Charles, and E. Ashworth Underwood. A Short History of Medicine (2nd ed. 1962) Watts, Sheldon. Disease and Medicine in World History (2003), 166pp online Archived 26 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine