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Diwan-e-Ghalib is a poetry book written by the India born Persian and also Urdu poet Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib.It is a collection of the ghazals of Ghalib. [1] Though it does not include all of his ghazals as he was too choosy to include them all, still in many other copies of the Diwan Urdu scholars have tried to collect all of his precious works.
Mirza Ghalib was a gifted letter writer. [22] Not only Urdu poetry but prose is indebted to Mirza Ghalib. His letters gave foundation to easy and popular Urdu. Before Ghalib, letter writing in Urdu was highly ornamental. He made his letters "talk" by using words and sentences as if he were conversing with the reader. According to Ghalib:
He wrote in Persian and Rekhta (initial form of Urdu). Mirza Ghalib is considered one of the leading literary authority on Urdu poetry. [3] He lived in Delhi [4] and died in 1869. The literal meaning of shayar (shaa'ir) is poet. [5] There are more than 30 types of Urdu poetry, also known as shayari.
It denoted the Persianized, "high" form of Hindavi used in poetry, as opposed to the speech of the common population. The word was used alongside names like Urdu and Hindi. Its usage in this sense lasted into the 19th century, as evidenced by a sher of Mirza Ghalib: [6] ريختہ کے تُم ہی اُستاد نہیں ہو غالِبؔ
Abedi compiled a two-volume book, Kuliyat-e-Ghalib Farsi, collecting the poetry of Mughal-era Mirza Ghalib in Persian, which was published by the Ghalib Institute in Delhi. Abedi believes that, while Mirza Ghalib was well known for his poetry in Urdu, he was more inclined towards Persian and composed excellent poems in that language. [2]
Mir Taqi Mir was often compared with the later day Urdu poet, Mirza Ghalib. Lovers of Urdu poetry often debate Mir's supremacy over Ghalib or vice versa. It may be noted that Ghalib himself acknowledged, through some of his couplets, that Mir was indeed a genius who deserved respect. Here are two couplets by Mirza Ghalib on this matter. [1]
Rekhta is an Indian web portal started by Rekhta Foundation, a non-profit organisation dedicated to the preservation and promotion of the Urdu literature. [4] The Rekhta Library Project, its books preservation initiative, has successfully digitized approximately 200,000 books over a span of ten years. [ 5 ]
Ghalib was a chronicler of a turbulent period. One by one, Ghalib saw the bazaars – Khas Bazaar, Urdu Bazaar, Kharam-ka Bazaar, disappear, whole mohallas (localities) and katras (lanes) vanish. The havelis (mansions) of his friends were razed. Ghalib wrote that Delhi had become a desert. Water was scarce. Delhi was now “ a military camp”.