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  2. pandas (software) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandas_(software)

    Pandas also supports the syntax data.iloc[n], which always takes an integer n and returns the nth value, counting from 0. This allows a user to act as though the index is an array-like sequence of integers, regardless of how it is actually defined. [9]: 110–113 Pandas supports hierarchical indices with multiple values per data point.

  3. Cursor (databases) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursor_(databases)

    For example, Microsoft SQL Server implements cursors by creating a temporary table and populating it with the query's result set. If a cursor is not properly closed (deallocated), the resources will not be freed until the SQL session (connection) itself is closed. This wasting of resources on the server can lead to performance degradations and ...

  4. Count data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_data

    The statistical treatment of count data is distinct from that of binary data, in which the observations can take only two values, usually represented by 0 and 1, and from ordinal data, which may also consist of integers but where the individual values fall on an arbitrary scale and only the relative ranking is important. [example needed]

  5. Determining the number of clusters in a data set - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determining_the_number_of...

    The average silhouette of the data is another useful criterion for assessing the natural number of clusters. The silhouette of a data instance is a measure of how closely it is matched to data within its cluster and how loosely it is matched to data of the neighboring cluster, i.e., the cluster whose average distance from the datum is lowest. [8]

  6. Reference counting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_counting

    However, the language also offers various alternatives to complex forms of memory management. Reference counting functionality is provided by the Rc and Arc types, which are non-atomic and atomic respectively. For example, the type Rc<T> provides shared ownership of a value of type T, allocated on the heap for multiple references to its data. [22]

  7. Zero-based numbering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-based_numbering

    Zero-based numbering is a way of numbering in which the initial element of a sequence is assigned the index 0, rather than the index 1 as is typical in everyday non-mathematical or non-programming circumstances.

  8. Counting process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting_process

    A counting process is a stochastic process {N(t), t ≥ 0} with values that are non-negative, integer, and non-decreasing: N(t) ≥ 0. N(t) is an integer. If s ≤ t then N(s) ≤ N(t). If s < t, then N(t) − N(s) is the number of events occurred during the interval (s, t]. Examples of counting processes include Poisson processes and Renewal ...

  9. Data set - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_set

    Various plots of the multivariate data set Iris flower data set introduced by Ronald Fisher (1936). [1]A data set (or dataset) is a collection of data.In the case of tabular data, a data set corresponds to one or more database tables, where every column of a table represents a particular variable, and each row corresponds to a given record of the data set in question.