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1992 – Eddie Bernice Johnson is the first nurse elected to the U.S. Congress. 1993 – After reforms in 1993, nursing education in Sweden is changing from vocational training to academic education. [94] 1999 – Elnora D. Daniel is the first black nurse elected president of a major university, Chicago State University. [30]
Mary Eliza Mahoney (May 7, 1845 – January 4, 1926) was the first African-American to study and work as a professionally trained nurse in the United States.In 1879, Mahoney was the first African American to graduate from an American school of nursing.
Linda Richards (July 27, 1841 – April 16, 1930) was the first professionally trained American nurse. [1] She established nursing training programs in the United States and Japan, and created the first system for keeping individual medical records for hospitalized patients.
Hazel Winifred Johnson-Brown (October 10, 1927 – August 5, 2011) [1] [2] was a nurse and educator who served in the United States Army from 1955 to 1983. In 1979, she became the first Black female general in the United States Army and the first Black chief of the United States Army Nurse Corps. [3]
Halima Rafat, pioneer Afghan nurse and women's rights activist, one of the first nurses of her country; Kaye Lani Rae Rafko, nurse and Miss America 1988; Emmy Rappe (1835–1896), first professionally trained Swedish nurse, pioneer in the education of nurses; Elizabeth Raybould (1926 –2015) pioneer in Nurse education in Northern Ireland
Clarissa Harlowe Barton (December 25, 1821 – April 12, 1912) was an American nurse who founded the American Red Cross. She was a hospital nurse in the American Civil War, a teacher, and a patent clerk. Since nursing education was not then very formalized and she did not attend nursing school, she provided self-taught nursing care. [1]
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The 59,000 women of the Army Nurse Corps and the 18,000 of the Navy Nurse Corps at first were selected by the civilian men of the Red Cross. No men were allowed in. But as the nurses rose in rank they took more control and by 1944 were autonomous of the Red Cross. As veterans, they took increasing control of the profession through the ANA. [41]