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Every sequence of digits, in any base, is the sequence of initial digits of some factorial number in that base. [ 60 ] Another result on divisibility of factorials, Wilson's theorem , states that ( n − 1 ) ! + 1 {\displaystyle (n-1)!+1} is divisible by n {\displaystyle n} if and only if n {\displaystyle n} is a prime number . [ 52 ]
In algebra and number theory, Wilson's theorem states that a natural number n > 1 is a prime number if and only if the product of all the positive integers less than n is one less than a multiple of n.
A natural number is a sociable factorion if it is a periodic point for , where = for a positive integer, and forms a cycle of period . A factorion is a sociable factorion with k = 1 {\displaystyle k=1} , and a amicable factorion is a sociable factorion with k = 2 {\displaystyle k=2} .
The Kempner function () of an arbitrary number is the maximum, over the prime powers dividing , of (). [4] When n {\displaystyle n} is itself a prime power p e {\displaystyle p^{e}} , its Kempner function may be found in polynomial time by sequentially scanning the multiples of p {\displaystyle p} until finding the first one whose factorial ...
Start by setting [4] = = = + Then iterate + = + + = (+) + + = (+ +) + + + Then p k converges quadratically to π; that is, each iteration approximately doubles the number of correct digits.The algorithm is not self-correcting; each iteration must be performed with the desired number of correct digits for π 's final result.
A classic example of recursion is the definition of the factorial function, given here in Python code: def factorial ( n ): if n > 0 : return n * factorial ( n - 1 ) else : return 1 The function calls itself recursively on a smaller version of the input (n - 1) and multiplies the result of the recursive call by n , until reaching the base case ...
The factorial number system is sometimes defined with the 0! place omitted because it is always zero (sequence A007623 in the OEIS). In this article, a factorial number representation will be flagged by a subscript "!". In addition, some examples will have digits delimited by a colon. For example, 3:4:1:0:1:0! stands for
In number theory, the general number field sieve (GNFS) is the most efficient classical algorithm known for factoring integers larger than 10 100. Heuristically , its complexity for factoring an integer n (consisting of ⌊log 2 n ⌋ + 1 bits) is of the form