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A Sudoku starts with some cells containing numbers (clues), and the goal is to solve the remaining cells. Proper Sudokus have one solution. [1] Players and investigators use a wide range of computer algorithms to solve Sudokus, study their properties, and make new puzzles, including Sudokus with interesting symmetries and other properties.
The general problem of solving Sudoku puzzles on n 2 ×n 2 grids of n×n blocks is known to be NP-complete. [30] Many Sudoku solving algorithms , such as brute force -backtracking and dancing links can solve most 9×9 puzzles efficiently, but combinatorial explosion occurs as n increases, creating practical limits to the properties of Sudokus ...
The general problem of solving Sudoku puzzles on n 2 ×n 2 grids of n×n blocks is known to be NP-complete. [8] A puzzle can be expressed as a graph coloring problem. [9] The aim is to construct a 9-coloring of a particular graph, given a partial 9-coloring. The Sudoku graph has 81 vertices, one vertex for each cell.
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Free Software implementation of an Exact Cover solver in C - uses Algorithm X and Dancing Links. Includes examples for sudoku and logic grid puzzles. DlxLib NuGet package - a C# class library that implements DLX; dlxlib npm package - a JavaScript library that implements DLX; dancing-links-c++ - a C++ library that implements DLX
Each row, column, or block of the Sudoku puzzle forms a clique in the Sudoku graph, whose size equals the number of symbols used to solve the puzzle. A graph coloring of the Sudoku graph using this number of colors (the minimum possible number of colors for this graph) can be interpreted as a solution to the puzzle.
He has also written puzzles for events including the World Sudoku Championship, U.S. Puzzle Championship, the MIT Mystery Hunt, Gen Con, and the Microsoft Puzzle Picnic. [4] In early 2012, Snyder founded his publishing company Grandmaster Puzzles. On April 9, 2012, he began selling his first title from the newly formed company, The Art of Sudoku.
Backtracking is an important tool for solving constraint satisfaction problems, [2] such as crosswords, verbal arithmetic, Sudoku, and many other puzzles. It is often the most convenient technique for parsing, [3] for the knapsack problem and other combinatorial optimization problems.