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A diagram of the Stop-and-Wait ARQ protocol and its operation in various cases. Stop-and-wait ARQ, also referred to as alternating bit protocol, is a method in telecommunications to send information between two connected devices. It ensures that information is not lost due to dropped packets and that packets are received in the correct order.
Variations of ARQ protocols include Stop-and-wait ARQ, Go-Back-N ARQ, and Selective Repeat ARQ. All three protocols usually use some form of sliding window protocol to help the sender determine which (if any) packets need to be retransmitted. These protocols reside in the data link or transport layers (layers 2 and 4) of the OSI model.
Stop-and-wait is simpler, but waiting for the receiver's acknowledgment reduces efficiency. Thus multiple stop-and-wait HARQ processes are often done in parallel in practice: when one HARQ process is waiting for an acknowledgment, another process can use the channel to send some more data.
Docker is a set of platform as a service (PaaS) products that use OS-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called containers. [5] The service has both free and premium tiers. The software that hosts the containers is called Docker Engine. [6] It was first released in 2013 and is developed by Docker, Inc. [7]
This is a list of all Internet Relay Chat commands from RFC 1459, RFC 2812, and extensions added to major IRC daemons. Most IRC clients require commands to be preceded by a slash ("/").
A woman in Kentucky surprised her Navy husband with a special military homecoming by gifting him a five-day duck hunting trip in Kansas with his best friends ahead of Christmas.
Donald Trump mocked Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau over his top minister’s surprise resignation — after the pair clashed on how to handle the president-elect’s looming tariffs.
Cozy up this winter with these easy and delicious dinner recipes. These recipes feature tons of seasonal vegetables like cauliflower, squash, leafy greens and root vegetables, like beets and carrots.