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  2. Cell cycle checkpoint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle_checkpoint

    The G1 checkpoint, also known as the restriction point in mammalian cells and the start point in yeast, is the point at which the cell becomes committed to entering the cell cycle. As the cell progresses through G1, depending on internal and external conditions, it can either delay G1, enter a quiescent state known as G0 , or proceed past the ...

  3. Biological applications of bifurcation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_applications_of...

    Example of a biological network between genes and proteins that controls entry into S phase. However, with knowledge of network interactions and a set of parameters for the proteins and protein interactions (usually obtained through empirical research), it is often possible to construct a model of the network as a dynamical system .

  4. Biochemical switches in the cell cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_switches_in...

    For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase, is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows the cell to move from G1 to S or G2 to M by adding phosphate to protein substrates. Such multi-component (involving multiple inter-linked proteins) switches have been shown to generate decisive, robust (and potentially irreversible ...

  5. Restriction point - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_point

    Steps of the cell cycle. The restriction point occurs between the G 1 and S phases of interphase.. The restriction point (R), also known as the Start or G 1 /S checkpoint, is a cell cycle checkpoint in the G 1 phase of the animal cell cycle at which the cell becomes "committed" to the cell cycle, and after which extracellular signals are no longer required to stimulate proliferation. [1]

  6. Cline (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cline_(biology)

    In biology, a cline is a measurable gradient in a single characteristic (or biological trait) of a species across its geographical range. [1] Clines usually have a genetic (e.g. allele frequency, blood type), or phenotypic (e.g. body size, skin pigmentation) character.

  7. Redundancy principle (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redundancy_principle_(biology)

    Upon hitting an obstacle at a boundary point , the velocity changes to ˙ =, where is chosen on the unit sphere in the supporting half space at from a uniform distribution, independently of . This rectilinear with constant velocity is a simplified model of spermatozoon motion in a bounded domain Ω {\displaystyle \Omega } .

  8. AP Biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP_Biology

    This course is designed for students who wish to pursue an interest in the life sciences. The College Board recommends successful completion of high school biology and high school chemistry [2] before commencing AP Biology, although the actual prerequisites vary from school to school and from state to state.

  9. Pathway analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathway_analysis

    Pathway resources and types of pathway analysis using databases like KEGG, Reactome and WikiPathways. [1]Pathway is the term from molecular biology for a curated schematic representation of a well characterized segment of the molecular physiological machinery, such as a metabolic pathway describing an enzymatic process within a cell or tissue or a signaling pathway model representing a ...