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In political geography, an enclave is a piece of land belonging to one country (or region etc.) that is totally surrounded by another country (or region). An exclave is a piece of land that is politically attached to a larger piece but not physically contiguous with it (connected to it) because they are completely separated by a surrounding foreign territory or territories.
a peninsula or a semi-enclave, where one country has a land border with a neighbouring one but is otherwise surrounded by sea, while the neighbour borders other countries—examples are Portugal (neighbouring Spain), The Gambia (surrounded by Senegal) and Brunei (surrounded by Malaysia).
[6]: 283 Thus, a pene-exclave, although having land borders, is not completely surrounded by the other's land or territorial waters. [13]: 60 Catudal (1974) [14]: 113 and Vinokurov (2007) [5]: 31–33 further elaborate upon examples, including Point Roberts. "Although physical connections by water with Point Roberts are entirely within the ...
Countries by land border length Antarctica and countries in purple are those without any land border. This list gives the number of distinct land borders of each country or territory, as well as the neighboring countries and territories. The length of each border is included, as is the total length of each country's or territory's borders. [1]
Over 80% of the country lies above 1,800 metres (5,906 ft). Lesotho is the southernmost landlocked country in the world. It is the largest of the world's three independent states completely surrounded by the territory of another country, with Vatican City and San Marino being the other two.
A country is "doubly landlocked" or "double-landlocked" when it is surrounded entirely by landlocked countries (i.e. requiring the crossing of at least two national borders to reach a coastline). [27] [28] There are two such countries: Liechtenstein in Western Europe, surrounded by Austria and Switzerland. [29]
Land borders and maritime boundaries are included and are tabulated separately and in combination. For purposes of this list, " maritime boundary " includes boundaries that are recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea , which includes boundaries of territorial waters , contiguous zones , and exclusive economic zones .
Below are separate lists of countries and dependencies with their land boundaries, and lists of which countries and dependencies border oceans and major seas. The first short section describes the borders or edges of continents and oceans/major seas. Disputed areas are not considered.