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Cyanohydrin reaction of acetone with potassium cyanide Organic Syntheses Coll. Vol. 2, p. 7; Vol. 15, p. 1 Article; Cyanohydrin reaction of benzoquinone with ...
Acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) is an organic compound used in the production of methyl methacrylate, the monomer of the transparent plastic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), also known as acrylic. It liberates hydrogen cyanide easily, so it is used as a source of such.
The structure of a general cyanohydrin. In organic chemistry, a cyanohydrin or hydroxynitrile is a functional group found in organic compounds in which a cyano and a hydroxy group are attached to the same carbon atom. The general formula is R 2 C(OH)CN, where R is H, alkyl, or aryl.
In transhydrocyanation, an equivalent of HCN is transferred from a cyanohydrin, e.g. acetone cyanohydrin, to another HCN acceptor. The transfer is an equilibrium process, initiated by base. The reaction can be driven by trapping reactions or by the use of a superior HCN acceptor, such as an aldehyde. [6]
A variety of organic reactions employ acetone as a polar, aprotic solvent, e.g. the Jones oxidation. Because acetone is cheap, volatile, and dissolves or decomposes with most laboratory chemicals, an acetone rinse is the standard technique to remove solid residues from laboratory glassware before a final wash. [66]
Cyanation of ketones or aldehydes yields the corresponding cyanohydrins, which can be done directly with the cyanide ion (the cyanohydrin reaction) or by using bisulfite, followed by displacement of sulfite: [3] [4] Cyanation of aldehyde with bisulfite. A related reaction is hydrocyanation, which installs the elements of H-CN.
In enzymology, a hydroxynitrilase (EC 4.1.2.37) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. acetone cyanohydrin cyanide + acetone. Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, acetone cyanohydrin, and two products, cyanide and acetone.
Acetone cyanohydrin has been determined to be the natural substrate of HbHNL, though HbHNL also shows activity with mandelonitrile, the natural substrate of PaHNL.The cleavage of mandelonitrile into benzaldehyde and cyanide is what produces the characteristic amaretto smell of almonds. [18]