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Fat cells have a high amount of aromatase, an enzyme that converts testosterone into estrogen (while estrogen is the primary female sex hormone, men need it too, in small amounts).
Testosterone produced by the testes cannot be directly used due to the mutant androgen receptor that characterizes CAIS; instead, it is aromatized into estrogen, which effectively feminizes the body and accounts for the normal female phenotype observed in CAIS. [1] However, up to 5% of individuals with CAIS do not have an AR mutation. [2]
Aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14), also called estrogen synthetase or estrogen synthase, is an enzyme responsible for a key step in the biosynthesis of estrogens. It is CYP19A1 , a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily, which are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in steroidogenesis .
The idea that testosterone could be the missing piece of the hormone therapy (HRT) jigsaw puzzle, alongside the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone, was first sparked by a change in the ...
Estrogen supplementation is theoretically not usually necessary, as some of the injected testosterone will be aromatized into estrogen sufficient to maintain bone (as it does in cisgender men). However, a single small study of trans men after oophorectomy demonstrated that androgens alone may be insufficient to slow bone loss. [ 47 ]
“Testosterone doesn’t drop off like estrogen does—it goes down a linear decline,” says Casperson. “Women in their mid-40s and 50s have half the testosterone that we had in our 20s.”
Aromatase excess syndrome (AES or AEXS) is a rarely diagnosed genetic and endocrine syndrome which is characterized by an overexpression of aromatase, the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of the estrogen sex hormones from the androgens, in turn resulting in excessive levels of circulating estrogens and, accordingly, symptoms of hyperestrogenism.
Testosterone, which is produced in the testicles, naturally declines as you age, Dr. El-Zawahry says. After your 30s or 40s, you can expect it to drop about 1 percent to 3 percent a year. Aging is ...
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