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The nominal interest rate, also known as an annual percentage rate or APR, is the periodic interest rate multiplied by the number of periods per year. For example, a nominal annual interest rate of 12% based on monthly compounding means a 1% interest rate per month (compounded). [2]
With a positive nominal interest rate, people economise on their cash balances to the point that the marginal benefit (social and private) is equal to the marginal private cost (i.e., the nominal interest rate). This is not socially optimal, because the government can costlessly produce the cash until the supply is plentiful. A social optimum ...
If the tax rate is denoted as t, the before-tax nominal earning rate is i, the amount of taxes paid (per dollar or other unit invested) is i × t, and so the after-tax nominal earning is i × (1–t). Hence the expected after-tax real return to the investor, using the simplified approximate Fisher equation above, is given by
For instance, if a loan offers a 4% nominal interest rate and inflation is 2%, the real interest rate is approximately 2%. The world of finance has a somewhat different definition.
The nominal interest rate is a simple way of expressing the cost of a loan or the return on a deposit. The real interest rate accounts for the effect of inflation on the purchasing power of ...
The nominal rate of return shows the yield of an investment over time without accounting for negative elements such as inflation or taxes. By calculating the nominal rate of return, you can ...
i n is the nominal interest rate on a given investment i r is the risk-free return to capital i* n is the nominal interest rate on a short-term risk-free liquid bond (such as U.S. treasury bills). r p is a risk premium reflecting the length of the investment and the likelihood the borrower will default
Any investment with a nominal annual return (i.e., unadjusted annual return) less than the annual inflation rate represents a loss of value in real terms, even when the nominal annual return is greater than 0%, and the purchasing power at the end of the period is less than the purchasing power at the beginning.