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From 1816, penal transportation to Australia increased rapidly and the number of free settlers grew steadily. Van Diemen's Land became a separate colony in 1825, and free settlements were established at the Swan River Colony in Western Australia (1829), the Province of South Australia (1836), and in the Port Philip District (1836).
In 1829, the Swan River colony was established at the sites of modern Fremantle and Perth, becoming the first convict-free and privatised colony in Australia. However, by 1850 there were a little more than 5,000 settlers.
The small settlement of Perth, founded in 1829 on the Swan River in Western Australia by free settlers, failed to prosper and asked for convicts. In contrast, South Australia , with its capital Adelaide founded in 1836, and Victoria , with its capital Melbourne founded in 1839, were settled only by free settlers.
The settlement was at first called Edenglassie. In 1839 transportation of convicts to Moreton Bay ceased and the Brisbane penal settlement was closed. In 1842 free settlement was permitted and people began to colonize the area voluntarily. On 6 June 1859 Queensland became a colony separate from New South Wales.
16 January – Bellona arrives with Australia's first free settlers. 22 January – The French d'Entrecasteaux expedition returns to Recherche Bay, Tasmania, to rewater and rest. 12 February – John Macarthur is granted 100 acres (0.40 km 2) of land at Parramatta. 16 February – John Macarthur is appointed by Grose as inspector of public works.
South Australia was founded as a "free province"—it was never a penal colony. [33] Victoria and Western Australia were also founded "free", but later accepted transported convicts. [34] [35] A campaign by the settlers of New South Wales led to the end of convict transportation to that colony; the last convict ship arrived in 1848. [36]
The settlement was initially called Edenglassie, a portmanteau of the Scottish towns Edinburgh and Glasgow. Major Edmund Lockyer discovered outcrops of coal along the banks of the upper Brisbane River in 1825. [5] In 1839, transportation of convicts ceased, culminating in the closure of the Brisbane penal settlement. In 1842, a free settlement ...
This category includes people who created the first permanent European settlements in Australia in the first 100 years of British colonisation. Subcategories This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total.