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Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a particular disease within the NMOSD spectrum. It is characterised by optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive myelitis. In more than 80% of NMO cases, the cause is immunoglobulin G autoantibodies to aquaporin 4 ( anti-AQP4 ), the most abundant water channel protein in the central nervous system.
In neuromyelitis optica higher AQP4 autoantibody levels are associated with the occurrence of optic neuritis. [16] Less common causes are: papilledema, brain tumor or abscess in the occipital region, cerebral trauma or hemorrhage, meningitis, arachnoidal adhesions, sinus thrombosis, liver dysfunction, or late stage kidney disease.
The mortality rate may be as high as 5–10%. [ 15 ] [ 69 ] Poorer outcomes are associated with unresponsiveness to steroid therapy, unusually severe neurological symptoms, or sudden onset. Children tend to have more favorable outcomes than adults, and cases presenting without fevers tend to have poorer outcomes.
Recent financial difficulties' appears to be a factor of mortality. [81] One study estimated how many people die from poverty in the U.S. [82] Low socioeconomic status, as determined by economics, appears to reduce life expectancy. [83] The current systemic incentive for maximized profits may inhibit global occupational health and safety. [84]
After the discovery of anti-AQP4 auto-antibodies there are two kinds of Optic-Spinal MS (OSMS): Anti-AQP4 positive OSMS or Neuromyelitis optica; Anti-AQP4 negative OSMS, currently idiopathic, considered inside the Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system spectrum.
In 2022 — the most recent year for which mortality data is available — a total of 941,652 people died of heart disease-related conditions, according to the report. This was a little more than ...
Anti-AQP4 diseases, are a group of diseases characterized by auto-antibodies against aquaporin 4.. After the discovery of anti-AQP4 autoantibody in neuromyelitis optica, it was found that it was also present in some patients with other clinically defined diseases, including multiple sclerosis variants like optic-spinal MS.
Neuromyelitis optica or Devic's disease: immune attack on optic nerve and spinal cord; Sjögren's syndrome: destruction of the exocrine system of the body; Systemic lupus erythematosus: a systemic autoimmune disease featuring a wide variety of neurological signs and symptoms; Sarcoidosis: [4] chronic inflammatory cells form as nodules in ...
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