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In response to de jure racism, protest and lobbyist groups emerged, most notably, the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) in 1909. [138] This era is sometimes referred to as the nadir of American race relations because racism, segregation, racial discrimination, and expressions of white supremacy all increased
Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life is a 2012 anthology book co-authored by sociologist Karen Fields and her sister, historian Barbara J. Fields. The book examines the origins and production of race and racism in the United States .
Despite affirmative-action programs' successes in doing so, conservative opponents claimed that such programs constituted a form of anti-white racism. [14] For example, sociologist Nathan Glazer argued in his 1975 book Affirmative Discrimination that affirmative action was a form of reverse racism [15] [16] violating white people's right to ...
Some places’ health departments took on the work of the declarations, creating improvement plans centered on racial equity.Others turned the work over to task forces and consultants to look at ...
Foucauldian scholar Ladelle McWhorter, in her 2009 book, Racism and Sexual Oppression in Anglo-America: A Genealogy, posits modern racism similarly, focusing on the notion of a dominant group, usually whites, vying for racial purity and progress, rather than an overt or obvious ideology focused on the oppression of nonwhites. [49]
Color-blind racism refers to "contemporary racial inequality as the outcome of nonracial dynamics." [5] The types of practices that take place under color blind racism are "subtle, institutional, and apparently nonracial." [5] Those practices are not racially overt in nature such as racism under slavery, segregation, and Jim Crow laws. Instead ...
Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America is a non-fiction book about race in the United States by the American historian Ibram X. Kendi, published April 12, 2016 by Bold Type Books, an imprint of PublicAffairs. The book won the National Book Award for Nonfiction. [1] [2] [3]
Color Blindness is a more contemporary form of ahistorical racism that is epitomized by the phrase, "I do not see color." In essence the term refers to one who places racism squarely in the past. Whiteness is a vague racial-socio-economic category that has shifted definition over time.