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The PDPA establishes a general data protection regime, originally comprising nine data protection obligations which are imposed on organisations: the Consent Obligation, the Purpose Limitation Obligation, the Notification Obligation, the Access and Correction Obligation, the Accuracy Obligation, the Protection Obligation, the Retention Limitation Obligation, the Transfer Limitation Obligation ...
In January 2013, Singapore's Personal Data Protection Act 2012 came into effect in three separate but related phases. [citation needed] The phases continued through July 2014 and dealt with the creation of the Personal Data Protection Commission, the national Do Not Call Registry, and general data protection Rules.
The regulation does not purport to apply to the processing of personal data for national security activities or law enforcement of the EU; however, industry groups concerned about facing a potential conflict of laws have questioned whether Article 48 could be invoked to seek to prevent a data controller subject to a third country's laws from ...
The Swiss Federal Data Protection Act (DPA) [16] and the Swiss Federal Data Protection Ordinance (DPO) entered into force on July 1, 1993. The latest amendments of the DPA and the DPO entered into force on January 1, 2008. The DPA applies to the processing of personal data by private persons and federal government agencies.
In 1980, the OECD issued recommendations for protection of personal data in the form of eight principles. These were non-binding and in 1995, the European Union (EU) enacted a more binding form of governance, i.e. legislation, to protect personal data privacy in the form of the Data Protection Directive. [8]
In compliance with the PDPA, the Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) as the enforcement body (similar to the PCPD). It governs the collection, use, disclosure and care of personal data in Singapore (Chesterman, 2012). [12] The main differences lie in their enforcement.
This raised concerns amongst the public because in 2019, the Personal Data Protection Commission of Singapore (PDPC) had issued guidelines highlighting that NRICs were sensitive in nature, and recommending that organisations avoid collecting, using, or disclosing NRIC numbers where possible. [6]
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