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Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.
The existence of limits in artificial selection experiments was discussed in the scientific literature in the 1940s or earlier. [1] The most obvious possible cause of reaching a limit (or plateau) when a population is under continued directional selection is that all of the additive-genetic variation (see additive genetic effects) related to that trait gets "used up" or fixed. [2]
Artificial reproduction is the re-creation of life brought about by means other than natural ones. It is new life built by human plans and projects. Examples include artificial selection, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, artificial womb, artificial cloning, and kinematic replication.
Vavilovian mimicry is a form of mimicry in plants where a weed of cultivation evolves to share characteristics with a crop through generations of artificial selection. [2] It is sometimes described as crop mimicry or weed mimicry. [3] It is named after Nikolai Vavilov, a prominent Russian plant geneticist of the early 20th century.
Experimental Evolution Publications by Ted Garland: Artificial Selection for High Voluntary Wheel-Running Behavior in House Mice — a detailed list of publications. Experimental Evolution — a list of laboratories that study experimental evolution. Network for Experimental Research on Evolution, University of California.
Here, simulations of evolution using evolutionary algorithms and artificial life started with the work of Nils Aall Barricelli in the 1960s, and was extended by Alex Fraser, who published a series of papers on simulation of artificial selection. [10] Artificial evolution became a widely recognised optimisation method as a result of the work of ...
Human-directed genetic manipulation began with the domestication of plants and animals through artificial selection in about 12,000 BC. [1]: 1 Various techniques were developed to aid in breeding and selection. Hybridization was one way rapid changes in an organism's genetic makeup could be introduced. Crop hybridization most likely first ...
Artificial selection in dog breeding has influenced behavior, shape, and size of dogs. ... One example of this change in breeding goals is the pronounced sloped back ...